UGBUAKA nke 54 ETHNIC GROUPS na VIETNAM - Nkebi 1

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PHAM DUC THANH, Dr. Assoc. Okanmuta¹

Mba ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia nke S dị

    Vietnam bụ obodo nwere ụdị S nke na-ekpuchi akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke 331,041 square kilomita nke obodo ahụ Indochina Peninsula. Enyere ya odida obodo dị iche iche: oke ohia na ugwu, midland, larịị, oke osimiri, agwaetiti na nnukwu shelf kọntinent.

    Vietnam dị n'ime obi nke Southeast Asia, na-ejikọta akụkụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Eurosia Afrika.

    Ugwu na ugwu nta na-ekpuchi ụzọ atọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ókèala mba ahụ. N'ime North, karịsịa ndị Northwest, bụ ugwu ugwu. Nke Hoang Lien Son Range², na-ejikọ Oke Osimiri Ma³ na ugwu Truong Nwa Range⁴, bụ VietnamMpaghara kacha sie ike ịnweta n'ihi ọtụtụ narị elu ugwu na oke ugwu na-ekewa na igbochi nkwukọrịta n'etiti mpaghara dị iche iche. Na-agafe na ndịda Truong Nwa Range², ugwu ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-aga n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, na-eme nnukwu nnukwu ugwu basalt a na-akpọ Tay Nguyen⁵ (Central Ugwu), wee gbadaa n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke South Vietnam tupu ịbanye na nnukwu Mekong Delta⁶.

    Rivers na Northwest dị ka Da (Black), Hong (Red), Lo, Ma Rivers, ha niile na-agba ọsọ n'akụkụ ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ-ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ. Netwọk osimiri dị oke na mpaghara elu na-enyere aka ịmepụta ndagwurugwu nke nha niile. Ala Alluvial na oche ndị dị n'akụkụ osimiri ka ejiri akwa oyi akwa nke silt dị elu nke dabara adaba maka ịkụ osikapa mmiri. Ndị a bụkwa ebe obibi dị mkpa nke bụ ezigbo ọnọdụ iji mepụta foto ọdịbendị doro anya ma dị egwu.

   N'ebe ugwu nke Central Vietnam, ugwu na-agbaga n'oké osimiri. Osimiri ndị dị mkpụmkpụ na-eru ngwa ngwa na-ebu obere alluvium, enweghịkwa ike ịme nnukwu deltas. Site na ndịda akụkụ ndịda, Otú ọ dị, n'akụkụ ụfọdụ osimiri na-agbaga n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, ndị dị otú ahụ osimiri na-amasị Aha ya bụ Bang Phay⁷, Ọ bụ Bang Hieng Poko⁸, na Serepok⁹ eruba na ọdịda anyanwụ banye Laos¹⁰ na Cambodia¹¹ isonyere ndi Osimiri Mekong¹² tupu abata azụ n'ime Vietnam ebe ha na-etolite nnukwu ọmụmụ Mekong Delta¹³.

    Vietnam nwere nnukwu mmiri mpaghara, eriri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke karịrị 3,200 km na nnukwu shelf continetal, nwere ọtụtụ akụrụngwa bara uru gụnyere isi iyi nke ngwaahịa mmiri na-adịghị agwụ agwụ.

Panorama mara mma nke otu agbụrụ dị iche iche

    Vietnam bụ obodo nwere ọtụtụ agbụrụ. Dị ka ọkwa gọọmentị si kwuo, Vietnam nwere agbụrụ 54 n'ime ha Vietnamese (Kinh) bụ ọtụtụ. Obere agbụrụ na-akpata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 14% nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ niile. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, otu ndị a bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nde iri na abụọ. Na-adabere na njirimara asụsụ, agbụrụ dị iche iche na Vietnam A na-ekewa n'ime otu asụsụ asatọ:

1. The Vietnam-Muong (otu anọ):  Vietnamese (Kinh), Muong, Tho, na Na-ada.
2. The Tay-Thai (Ìgwè asatọ): Tay, Thai, Nung, Bo Y, Giay, Lao, Lu, na San Chay.
3. The Mon-Khmer (Ndi otu 21): Kho Mu, Khang, Mang, Xinh Mun, Bru-Van Kieu, Ta Oi, Co Tu, Ho Re, Gie Trieng, Ba Na, Xe Dang, Brau, Ro Mam, Mnong, Ma, Co Ho, Xtieng Cho Ro. Khmer, na O Du.
4. The H'mong-Dao (otu ato): H'mon, Dao, na Pa Mgbe ahụ.
5. The Malayo-Polinesia (otu ise): Gia Rai, Ede, Chu Ru, Raglai, na Cham.
6. The Han (otu ato): Hoa (Han), ngai, na San Diu.
7. The Tibeto-Burma (Otu isii): Ha Nhi, Phu La, La Hu, Cong, Lo Lo, na Ọ bụrụ na.
   8. Ndị ọzọ: Co Lao, La Chi, Pu Peo, na La Ha.

… Ga-aga n'ihu na ngalaba 2…

ndetu:
¹ : PHAM DUC THANH (1944, Hai Phong) - Onye mmekọ Prọfesọ, Ph.D., onye bụbu onye isi oche nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Nnyocha Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia (1994- Maachị 2006); N'ihi na agha ọnọdụ mgbe Geneva nkwekọrịta 1954, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na 1963 wee debanye aha, wee hapụ ya na 1968, wee gafee ule nnabata na Mahadum teknụzụ nke Hanoi, Agụmakwụkwọ 13, Ngalaba nke History, na gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mahadum n'oge nke Ala Amerika's kasị ebibi agha na North (oge 1972), wee laghachi ọrụ na Vietnam History Institute. Na June 1973, ọ bụ onye ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ Ụlọ ọrụ nyocha Southeast Asia, na-ahụ maka Cambodia's research ubi, wee họpụta ya dị ka ndị Onye isi ngalaba ozi akụrụngwa (na 1978). N’afọ 1983, ihe Ụlọ Ọrụ Nnyocha Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia e guzobere na ntọala nke Ụlọ ọrụ nyocha Southeast Asia ya onwe-ya bu kwa onye-isi Onye njikwa ngalaba nyocha Cambodia na Science Council odeakwụkwọ nke Institute. Na 1986, na oru nyocha na Akụkọ Cambodia nke oge a, ọ gbachitere akwụkwọ mmụta doctoral ya nke ọma wee malite ikwupụta aha ya na ụwa sayensị.

    Inglaghachi na Czechoslovakia mgbe ogologo oge nke post-doctoral ọzụzụ, na 1991, ọ kwalitere na Osote onye isi na mgbe ahụ Onye isi nke Southeast Asia Research Institute (na 1994) ma nọrọ n’ụlọ ọrụ a ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nka (March, 2006).

    Ọtụtụ iri afọ nke na-arụ ọrụ na Institute, na ọmụmụ nke mba na mpaghara, karịsịa na mba nke Cambodia, Assoc. PHAM DUC THANH nwere nnukwu akụ na ụba nke ọrụ nyocha sayensị: 1) Ọtụtụ isi isiokwu steeti dị ka: Ọrụ nke nnukwu mba na mpaghara Asia-Pacific; 2) Ọrụ alaka ụlọ ọrụ nke mmemme nchọcha gbasara ikekete ego ọgbara ọhụrụ na isiokwu nọọrọ onwe ya a na-akpọ "Njikọ ASEAN na afọ iri mbụ nke narị afọ nke 21st” nke ọ chịburu; 3) Ọrụ ọkwa ọkwa ozi asaa gbasara okwu dịka: Mmekọrịta Vietnam-Laos na usoro akụkọ ihe mere eme, Obodo Vietnamese na Lao, Asia-Pacific Economic Community (APEC), Triangle Development Vietnam-Laos-Cambodia, …; 4) Na-ahazi iji mejuputa ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị mmekọ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na òtù mba ụwa iji mepụta ụda n'etiti ndị nchọpụta; 5) Ihe dị ka akwụkwọ iri (dere iche iche na ọnụ) dị ka: "Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Kambodia"(1995), "Mmekọrịta Vietnam-ASEAN",…; 6) Ihe dị ka akụkọ 30 e bipụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ ọkachamara nke ụlọ na nke mba ọzọ.

    Agbanyeghị na ọrụ njikwa ya na-arụsi ọrụ ike, Assoc. Prọfesọ Dr. PHAM DUC THANH ka na-etinye oge iji kuziere ụmụ akwụkwọ si na nkuzi nkuzi Ngalaba nke History, na Ngalaba mmụta Oriental at Mahadum General Hanoi (ugbu a University of Social Sciences & Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi), ụfọdụ mahadum na Ho Chi Minh City… O kwuru: "Ọ bụ omume nke nkuzi nyere aka nke ukwuu n'ọrụ nyocha n'ihe gbasara mpaghara ọmụmụ".

² :… Na-emelite…

GỤỌ ỌZỌ:
'  Otu 54 Ẻ Vietnam – Okwu mmalite.
'  Obodo nke 54 ETHNIC GROUPS na Vietnam - Nkebi 2.
'  Ogbe BA NA nke otu agbụrụ iri ise na anọ na Vietnam.
Version ụdị Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo):  CONG DONG 54 DAN TOC Vietnam - Phan 1.
Version ụdị Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo):  CONG DONG 54 DAN TOC Vietnam - Phan 2.
Versiondị Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo):  54 Dan toc Nam Nam.
Versiondị Vietnamese (vi-VersiGoo):  Nguoi BA NA trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em Viet Nam.

BAN TU THU
06/2020

IHE:
Isi:  Otu dị iche iche dị na Vietnam - Ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ VNA Thong Tan, Hanoi, 2008.
Ban Edemede ederede na mkpụrụedemede italic etinyere na Ban Tu Thu - karịahdiavietnamhoc.com