Onye na-eduzi French Phlegeton tụpụrụ Can Gio ebe e wusiri ike - Holylandvietnamstudies.com

OLEE ihe France ji weghara Vietnam na 1857? - Nkebi 1

5667 Echiche

Andrew Dang

Kemgbe ụwa, Alaeze Abụọ nke Abụọ (1852-1870)^[1] weghara Vietnam na 1857. N'ezie, mwakpo ahụ kpọmkwem mere 31 August 1858 at Tourane (Taa Đà Nẵng City na etiti Vietnam). Ọ bụ ogologo akụkọ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 30 nke agha na mmeri, site na Đà Nẵng na 1858 ruo Nkwekorita nke Huế na 1884^[2], mgbe Vietnam “masịrị” eze nweere onwe ya. Ha dị ọtụtụ emehie nke a butere nnwere onwe Vietnamị. Site na azịza m taa, m ga-ekwusi ike na oge mbido nke 1858-1862, mgbe Nguyễn Dynular ya na usoro iwu nke ime ihe nke ya mechara tụgharịrị atụmanya niile na mmeri nke ndị Vietnam ịbụ ọdachi nke mba! (O di nwute, ma o mere)^[3].

**I. EGO nke njegharị (1858-1860): VIETNAMESE VICTORY**

Na mbido, n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ nke "Ichebe ndị Katọlik Vietnamese ndị a na-akpagbu" N'okpuru ọchịchị Nguyễn Dynular, ya na ụgbọ agha 14 na ndị agha Franco-3,000 XNUMX n'okpuru iwu kachasị elu nke Ọchịagha Charles Rigault de Genouilly (1807-1873)^[5], ha bidoro mgbọ ogbunigwe megide obodo ndị agha mmiri Vietnamese n'akụkụ Bay nke Đà Nẵng na Ugwu Sơn Trà^[6]. Ihe omume a mechara bụrụ mmalite nke ama ama Siege nke Tourane n'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ (1858–1860), nke mechara bụrụ nke a Mmeri Vietnamese.

Ndi France tụrụ anya mkpesa izugbe nke ndị Katọlik Vietnamese megide usoro ndị Nguyễn n'isi obodo ya Obodo Huế (nke dị otu narị kilomita site na ọdụ ndị Franco-Spanish gbara gburugburu Đà Nẵng City), mana n'eziokwu, ha chọtara enweghị ndị Katọlik Vietnamese dị njikere inyere ha aka. Ọgụ ahụ gbakwara akụkụ abụọ ahụ. Emechaa Vietnamese General Lê Đình Lý (理, 1790 - 1858) nwụrụ na ọgụ, Marshal Chu Phúc Minh bụ onye na-elekọta ihu ya ma mechaa jiri ya dochie ya Marshal Nguyễn Tri Phương (知方, 1806-1873)^[7], onye a ma ama maka ụzọ nnọchibido.

Nye ndị France, na Đà Nẵng ndị agha Vietnam na-amaja ndị agha Vietnam na-emegidekwa ha. Ọtụtụ narị ndị agha nwụrụ n'ihi ọnya agha na ọrịa, dịka ịba. Na 1859, ọdịnihu French Admiral Théogène François Peeji nke (1807-1867), onye nọchiri ọnọdụ Rigault de Genouilly, kọwara ọnọdụ dị mma inà Nẵng n'akwụkwọ ozi ya:

Aghọrọ m onye isi ọchịagha na 1 Nọvemba 1859. Lee ihe nketa m nwetara ebe ahụ! N'ezie, enwetara m ogwu a ma ama site na ụkwụ Rigault, kama ọ bụ naanị ịkwanye ya n'okpuru mbọ m. Anyị mefuru nde iri atọ na abụọ, kedụ ihe fọdụrụ na ya? Nkwekọrịta ahụ na China nke ọgbụ ọgbụgba egbe adọbiri, na Canton ọrụ ndị agha amanye ịghọ ndị uwe ojii obodo ahụ, na Tourane [Da Nang], ezigbo ụlọ ụlọ chara acha ebe otu puku ndị nwoke anyị nwụrụ n'ihi nhụsianya, na-enweghị nzube, na-enweghị nsonaazụ. "^[8]^[9]

Ọzọkwa, agha kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na Chân Sảng Fort (ma ọ bụ Kien-Chan Fort) na 18 November 1859 ọbụna furu ndụ nke Lieutenant-Colonel Dupré-Déroulède, injinia di elu nke ndi agha French nke di n’etiti ndi oru isi na kwa onye kpara nkpu agha nke ẵà Nẵng, mgbe egbe ala ndi Vietnam batara n’aru ya. N'ikpeazụ, na 22 Mach 1860, ndị France kpebiri ikpochasị ngwa ngwa agha ha niile na Đà Nẵng ma kwalite ndị agha ha Saigon, otu n'ime obodo kachasị mkpa na Vietnam.

**II. SITE SAIGON (1859-1861): “VIDI VIETNAMESE” VIETNAMESE VURETNAMES**

N'otu oge ahụ na Siege nke Tourane, onye French meghere ọzọ ihu na Southern Vietnam kemgbe February 1859, Ndota nke Saigon Citadel na 17 nke February 1859. Ka ọ nwusịrị ihe dị ịtụnanya ma ọgaghị nke ọma iweghara dum Obodo Gia Đàh na 21 Eprel 1859, mgbe ọnwụ mmadụ 14 nwụrụ na mmadụ 31 merụrụ ahụ, ndị France kwụsịrị ọrụ ha wee laghachi na ọnọdụ ndị ha nwere. ^[13].

Agbanyeghị, n'ihi adịghị ike mmadụ, ndị France nwere ike ijide mpaghara a na - ejide n'akụkụ Port nke Saigon taa na obodo China bụ Chợ Lớn. Ha kwesiri iziga ndị agha n'ihu Tourane na ọkachasị na-aga Agha Nke Abụọ na China^[15]. N’afọ 1860, ndị agha Franco-Spanish dị 800 na Saigon. Onye agha nke mbụ ka edobere ụsụụ ndị agha ha Bernard Jauréguiberry (1815-1887)^[16], nke ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri France nọchiri ya Jules d'Ariès (1813-1878).

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ndị agha Vietnamị zukọtara wee malite “nnọchibido” ọzọ megide ndị agha France na ndị Spen na Saigon ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ abụọ, site na February 1859 ruo February 1861. Ma n'ezie ọ bụ “nnọchibido”, ma ọ bụ ụdị a “Oké ilu Vietnam”: Na karịa ndị agha 10,000 gburugburu Saigon, Vietnamese madarins nke Nguyễn Dynular na-arụzi mgbidi ahịrị nke nwere ọtụtụ forts naanị, na-echeghị etu esi ebido iwe iwe megide ndị bi ebe ha na-enwe ikike dị elu ma e jiri ya tụnyere naanị Ndị agha 800 na ndị Spen (tinyere ndị na-akpọ Tagals mercenaries)!

N'iji ya tụnyere Siege nke Tourane, Siege nke Saigon dị iche: Na Tourane ma ọ bụ ẵà Nẵng, ndị France na-ejide obere akụkụ nke Sơn Trà Mountain n'ihi amụma a na-atụ n'ụwa na usoro nnọchibido kwesịrị ekwesị. Agbanyeghị, na Saigon ndị France weghaara otu ọdụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri kachasị na Vietnam, n'ihi ya, nsogbu ha anaghị eweta nsogbu. Ọzọkwa, ha chịkwara ụgbọ mmiri osikapa na Southern Vietnam kwa! N'oge 'nnọchibido' (1859-1861), Port Port nke Saigon n'okpuru ọdụ ndị France mepere, mepere emepe, ebe ọtụtụ narị ụgbọ mmiri si China, Cambodia na Singapore na-agakarị ma na-apụ. N’afọ 1860, Port of Saigon natara^[18]:

“Shipsgbọ mmiri iri isii na isii na iri rịrị iri juputara osikapa 100 nanị n'ime ọnwa anọ ma nwee nnukwu ego na Hong Kong na Singapore.”

N'oge nnọchibido ahụ, ndị obodo China dị na Chợ Lớn rụkọrọ ọrụ na 'ikike ọhụrụ' nke ndị France (“Nke ahụ”) kama ịbụ “usoro ọchịchị ochie” ("Ngwa ngwa") nke usoro Nguyễn. Ọgụ French na Vietnam mere ka ha baa ọgaranya ma baa ọgaranya.

Enwere ike ịhụ na site na ụdị “nnọchibido” a, “ohere ọla edo” maka ihichapụ ndị agha mwakpo nke Franco-Spanish jụrụ, na Ndị eze Nguyễn mechara kwụọ ụgwọ nnukwu ego maka atụmatụ ajọ omume ha emesịa!

… GTKWUO…

AKWỤKWỌ:

[1] Alaeze Ukwu French nke abụọ - Wikipedia

[2] Nkwekọrịta nke Huế (1884) - Wikipedia

[3] Nguyễn usoro ndị eze - Wikipedia

[4] Tourane bay bom bis

[5] Charles Rigault de Genouilly - Wikipedia

[6] Ugwu Sơn Trà - Wikipedia

[7] Nguyễn Tri Phương - Wikipedia

[8] Théogène François Page - Wikipedia

[9] Théogène Francois Page et Louis de Gonzague Doudart de Lagrée jikọtara polytechniciens na Indochine

[10] French frigate Némésis (1847) - Wikipedia