Hanoi - Postkaadị - AKW FKWỌ AKWOSKWỌ - Okwu nzuzo
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By Prọfesọ Assoc. AHU NGUYEN MANH1
Hanoi, Thang Long - obodo ochie, ugbu a ji nke nta nke nta ghọọ nke ugbu a. Otu puku - ogologo “omenala” akụkọ ihe mere eme enwere ike ichebe ya na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie n'ihi mbọ nke usoro ọmụmụ ihe mgbe ochie, ọdịbendị na akụkọ ihe mere eme iji chekwaa ya dị ka vestiges. Agbanyeghị, o doro anya na n'ihi kaadị echekwara echekwara, ọkwa nke ihe ncheta na okporo ụzọ dị n'ofe otu narị afọ nke Hanoi, adịla ka ihe ọdịnala na-abụghị ihe onwunwe, dị ka ụzọ ọgbakọ otu mba ụwa si akpọ ya. Ihe ndia bu ihe nlere-anya nke ihe omuma banyere narị afọ gara aga Ndị na-achị French in Vietnam. Site na mgbe igwefoto malitere ịdị, onyonyo ndị fọdụrụnụ, egosipụtala echiche miri emi banyere usoro akụkọ ihe mere eme mmadụ si flow Kemgbe oge Columbus, Na 15th narị afọ, ọ bụ mgbe Latin America ka emere nchọpụta, nke meghere ụzọ maka mmepe mmepe mmepe nke ihe onwunwe na - eme ka ala ndị ọgaranya jupụta na oke eke. Ihe omume ahụ kpaliri ndị na-eme nchọpụta, ndị ozi ala ọzọ, na Ndị agha Europe ndị agha njem… Ha niile gara n'ihu ileghara ya anya ala nke Eshia. Ha toara ntị Vietnam dị ka rata na-abanye n'ime Ala ndị China nro nke iwulite ochichi ndi mmadu mara nma ma mara mma na mmuo mmepeanya site na iji ike agha iji chịa, chịa otutu ebe n’ime uwa. Otu mgbe, Vietnam ya na Hanoi, Saigon na Mpaghara Indochinese Obula ihe ochichi neo ndi ozo.
N'ezie, nke Ndi Vietnam enjoyedtọla ụdị ndụ dị n'ụdịdị ọdịda anyanwụ dịka onye edemede “Omenala di iche-iche na mgbe emesiri nsonaazụ nke ndị na-achị French na VietnamKwuru. Mgbe ọtụtụ iwụfu ọbara na ọgbọ na aga Ndi Vietnam nyere aka na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mgba maka nnwere onwe mba. Na Ndi Vietnam natara ihe omenaala na mmepeanya n’aka ndị French pụọ!
Mgbe m nụrụ ka mmadụ kpọrọ aha Hanoi, M nwere echiche na ọ bụ ikwughachi site na ogologo oge gara aga - ọtụtụ puku afọ gara aga, mana n'eziokwu aha ahụ sitere na Lọ ikpe Hue (dị ka iwu siri kwuo na October 1, 1888 nke Dong Khanh Court) e nyere Jehova ala mgbapụta ahụ French. O doro anya na Onye isi ala French dabere n'ihe ụfọdụ kpatara nke mere na enyere iwu inye iwu banyere aha ahụ (July 19,1888) iji weghara nke a ochie Thang Long ma gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ mgbazinye - jide ebe (Julaị, 19, 1888). Site na ụkpụrụ nke mepere anya yana nke ochie - mmụọ ịhụnanya, ndị French n'oge ọchịchị na-edebere aha ọdịnala ma bụrụ ndị atụgharịrịrịnụ French. Agbanyeghị, a gbanwere aha ndị ọzọ na aha ọhụrụ, dị ka General General de Beylite2 iji dochie Banana banana2, Cobanere2 iji dochie Pen n'okporo ámá2, Rue Jean Dupuis2iji dochie Mat n'okporo ámá2.
mgbe French wuru okporo ụzọ ọdịda anyanwụ na ebe obibi ọhụrụ, ha etinyela aha ndị ọchịagha, aha ndị isi ọchịchị, nke ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ka na-akọwa omume ha n'oge ha wakporo akụkụ ugwu nke ugwu. mba nke Paul Doumer3, onye edemede nke akwukwo na akwa, aha ya bu aha ya - nke Akwa mmiri. Ndị bi na Hanoi Site na ụbọchị ọmụmụ ha ruo ọnwụ ha, ọ ga-abụrịrị na-agafe akwa a otu ugboro. Ọzọkwa French tinyekwara ọtụtụ okwu maka sistemụ njem: nrutu (okirikiri), Gare (Stationzọ ụgbọ oloko), Na akpaaka (ụgbọ oloko). Site na mgbe ahụ gaa n'ihu, ndị mmadụ na-abata Hanoi nakwa n'ime Saigon malitere ikwu okwu French agwakọta ya Vietnamese. Okwu dika tu, ị (ị) ma ọ bụ “mec xa litỊba mba,zutere xi (Daalụ), ikechukwu pousse (ndị mmadụ - adọrọ cab), njemé (ahia), chemin de fer (ụgbọ okporo ígwè), ọkụ (Fire)… Site n'oge ahụ, onye na-echegbu onwe ya nke na-enwe mmetụta nke onye na-ede uri achọtawo ụzọ iji meghee ụzọ mmekọrịta ịhụnanya na ịkatọ njirimara nke eziokwu. Tupu ebido akwụkwọ ndị mgbe ochie. Akwụkwọ ndị a gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na Han (asụsụ China ochie) nke a na-anọchi mgbe ahụ Latịn na French. Mgbe ole Latin America agbanweela tupu, Indochina agbanwewo ụbọchị kwa ụbọchị. Onye batara na ndu. Ihe “Egwú edo ”. N'ihi gịnị? Kedu ka “Egwú edo""kụrụ”Owu na-ama ndị dị otú ahụ! Kedu ihe kpatara ya ji dọọ ezi ịhụnanya nwa osisi, ihe ọhunanya na obi dị ọkụ? Gini mere o ji weta kwa ihunanya mba di otua? Ọ bụ ezie na ike gwụrụ “njedebe nke ahịa ahụ na mmechi ya"(ojuju nke) usoro nke mmụta oge ochie na nyocha ya Nam ule ule ke mbem omumu ihe ochie, na-ele anya n'oche ndị a na-aga ime oche na akwa ha nke nwere nnukwu ala ma mara na nsonaazụ ọma nke ule ahụ agaghị eweta otuto, onye na-ede uri na-echegbu onwe ya bụ TRAN TE XUONG ga-ede ụfọdụ amaokwu na-akwa emo:
Ọtụtụ ìgwè ndị na-aga ime ihe guzoro na-ele anya,
Onye na-enwe obi ụtọ ịgafe ule ahụ!
Na oche oche Nwanyị France na-echikwa ụkwụ ya,
N ’ọdụ dị n’okpuru, ndị isi bachelor na-azụ.
Amaokwu ndị na-adịghị anwụ anwụ nke “okpuN'anya Jehova Nchịkọta ndị France igwe na-achị achị! Agbanyeghị, na Eze Vietnamese Onye nọdụrụ ala n’ocheeze na-enweghị ọla! Heghọtara nwute nke ala nna ya?
Ọ bụ ezie na a na-akpọ Hanoi iji chetara - ọ dị ka ọ dị Hanoi nweburu onye hụrụ gị n'anya kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ. Ka o sina dị, ọ bụ Thang Ogologo nke ahụ bụ “ikike ncheta”Dum Ndi Vietnam. Opekempe, Thang Ogologo si Aha eze Ly (XI narị afọ) bụbu ụlọ eze nke nwere mgbidi gbara ya gburugburu, yana ọnụ ụzọ ámá 4 na-achọ ụzọ 4: East - West - South - North. Banyere isi ihe owuwu, Thang Ogologo E kesara ya site na mpaghara ya gaa guilds ọrụ aka 61 dị iche iche na nrụpụta site na ọrụ aka dị iche iche yana site na ịzụ ahịa na ịzụ ahịa. Ma site na XI ruo na XV narị afọ, ọtụtụ alaka aka ọrụ aghọwo guild ndị ọkachamara na "akwa silk na satin", Na-eme poselin, ọla, ọla, joss - ihe akwụkwọ,"giay eme”- rhamnoneuron akwụkwọ, anụ ahụ akwụkwọ… E nwere ndị alsotrades na-ebipụta eserese ndị mmadụ, na-eme fan, ma ọ bụ na-eme osikapa mmanya. Ruo Thang Ogologo oge, 36 guildị dị ka ahaziri isi obodo na ndị mepere emepe. Dị ka mmalite narị afọ nke XX a maara aha ahụ Hanoi, d ị ịkwa ụzụ d ị atala aka anya Ọmụmụ French Oriental, HENRY OGER, onye mere ka usoro usoro ihe omimi ọhụrụ ahụ jiri pensụl dee ma gosipụta site na iji mpempe akwụkwọ ede ihe iji bipụta, nke a kpọrọ Usoro nke ndi Nam (Ndị Anamite nwere nkà na ụzụ)4.
The Ụzọ 36-ndị agha E guzobere dịka ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka njikwa na ndị otu ma ọ bụ n'okporo ụzọ n'oge nsogbu, ọ bụghị ya? N'ezie, dị ka akwụkwọ n'oge ọrụ Hanoi, oge site na February nke abụọ, 2 rue Septemba 1947, French ekesawo ulo nile di n'ime 36 okporo-guilds. Site na mgbe ahụ gaa n'ihu, onyonyo nke Hanoi bidoro gbanwee n'ụdị obodo ọdịda anyanwụ. N'agbanyeghị na-enwe ọtụtụ mgbanwe mgbanwe akụkọ ihe mere eme, onyonyo na ndụ Thang Long ugbua abubawo na mkpuru obi na akọnuche nke Jehova Ndi Vietnam. Agbanyeghị, ụdị nke ọkara ndị colonial na ọkara feudal otu, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị dere na Hanoi Akpọrọ ya, enweghị ike imebi ihe atụ nke nri ebe ndị mmadụ na-anọdụ ala na otu tray, ma ọ bụ ihe omume na ugbo ụgbọ Hanoi.
Mgbe ị na-amụ banyere omume na mmegharị nke ndị mmadụ, ụzọ dị iche iche nke ụmụ mmadụ si ebu ụmụ nke nne ma ọ bụ ụmụnne nwanyị ndị dị adị maka oge anyị ga-achọ ịhọrọ dị ka a hụrụ n'okpuru.
Taa, site na ikike nke magazin Xua & Mba (Ochie - Magazin Oge A), anyị ga-achọ igosipụta onyonyo ejirila ihe ncheta site na nnakọta ahụ French ejirila igwefoto dekọọ. Ọ bụghị naanị nke ndi Hanoi ọụ n'anya ịhụ ha kamakwa dum Ndi Vietnam ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịtụle ha dị ka stampụ a na-agaghị echefu echefu nke usoro ochichi ahụ French emeela na mpaghara tkis nke dịpụrụ adịpụ nke Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ.
' Hanoi - POSTCARDS, Legsies Legacies - HANOI, TONKIN - French Indochina - Nkebi 1.
ndetu:
1: NGUYEN MANH HUNG - “Ihe odide ọdịnala na nsọtụ nke ndị French Colonialists na Vietnam'', “Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Vietnam n'oge Modem”- Isi ihe a na-akụzi na Mahadum Hong Kong nke Hong Kong, Mahadum Osaka in Japan na Mmemme Ọmụmụ Vietnamese. Dr. HUNG nyekwara nkuzi banyere isiokwu ndị a na Mahadum California State Fullerton - USA, na Mahadum Incheon - Korea, Ecole Orientcle Paris - France na ọtụtụ mahadum dị na South East Asia (Thammasat, Mahadum South Asia).
2: Dị ka NGUYEN VAN CHUC si kwuo - Nkọwa nke okporo ụzọ na Hanoi - anolọ Mbipụta Hanoi, 2010, peeji nke 10 —13.
3: PAUL DOUMER - Aha zuru oke JOSEPH ALHNASE DOUMER (1857-1932) Onye isi ochichi nke Indochina na Onye isi ala France (1931-1932) ka ndị nọchiri Latịn na French. Mgbe ole Latin America agbanweela tupu, Indochina agbanwewo ụbọchị kwa ụbọchị. Mgbe ahụ batara na ndụ.
4: Nke a bụ tesis maka Kpoo ogo dibia n’agba akuko nke ode akwukwo NGUYEN MANH HUNG. O nyegola aka mee ka a mata ihe a kwenyere na ya ga - ezo mgbe ebighi ebi na ụlọ nyocha akwụkwọ zoro ezo Ọbá akwụkwọ mba in Hanoi na Ọba akwukwo Archaeology (tupu 1975) na Saigon, nke a na-ewere dị ka akụ iji kpuchie anya site na agha. Anyị ga-ebipụta mpịakọta abụọ dị iche iche gbasara Usoro nke An Nam. (Usoro nke ndi Anamite) site na mmalite oge opupu ihe ubi a).
BAN TU THU
08 / 2020
ndetu:
Isi mmalite: HANOI, POSTCARDS - Fosilized Heritages, Prof. Assoc. Dr. en History HUNG NGUYEN MANH & Collector, Master TRUC SON NGUYEN PHAN, Hong Duc Publishers, Hanoi, 2015.
Ederede ederede niile na eserese esitere na BAN TU THU setịpụrụ karịahdiavietnamhoc.com.